Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Frühjahrssemester 2016
Biomedical Engineering Master | ||||||
Vertiefungsfächer | ||||||
Bioelectronics | ||||||
Kernfächer der Vertiefung Während des Studiums müssen mindestens 12 KP aus Kernfächern einer Vertiefung (Track) erreicht werden. | ||||||
Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
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227-0393-10L | Bioelectronics and Biosensors New course. Not to be confounded with 227-0393-00L last offered in the Spring Semester 2015. This course has been moved from the spring to the fall semester for the academic year of 2016/17. It will therefore not take place in spring 2017. | W | 6 KP | 2V + 2U | J. Vörös, M. F. Yanik, T. Zambelli | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The course introduces the concepts of bioelectricity and biosensing. The sources and use of electrical fields and currents in the context of biological systems and problems are discussed. The fundamental challenges of measuring biological signals are introduced. The most important biosensing techniques and their physical concepts are introduced in a quantitative fashion. | |||||
Lernziel | During this course the students will: - learn the basic concepts in biosensing and bioelectronics - be able to solve typical problems in biosensing and bioelectronics - learn about the remaining challenges in this field | |||||
Inhalt | L1. Bioelectronics history, its applications and overview of the field - Volta and Galvani dispute - BMI, pacemaker, cochlear implant, retinal implant, limb replacement devices - Fundamentals of biosensing - Glucometer and ELISA L2. Fundamentals of quantum and classical noise in measuring biological signals L3. Biomeasurement techniques with photons L4. Acoustics sensors - Differential equation for quartz crystal resonance - Acoustic sensors and their applications L5. Engineering principles of optical probes for measuring and manipulating molecular and cellular processes L6. Optical biosensors - Differential equation for optical waveguides - Optical sensors and their applications - Plasmonic sensing L7. Basic notions of molecular adsorption and electron transfer - Quantum mechanics: Schrödinger equation energy levels from H atom to crystals, energy bands - Electron transfer: Marcus theory, Gerischer theory L8. Potentiometric sensors - Fundamentals of the electrochemical cell at equilibrium (Nernst equation) - Principles of operation of ion-selective electrodes L9. Amperometric sensors and bioelectric potentials - Fundamentals of the electrochemical cell with an applied overpotential to generate a faraday current - Principles of operation of amperometric sensors - Ion flow through a membrane (Fick equation, Nernst equation, Donnan equilibrium, Goldman equation) L10. Channels, amplification, signal gating, and patch clamp Y4 L11. Action potentials and impulse propagation L12. Functional electric stimulation and recording - MEA and CMOS based recording - Applying potential in liquid - simulation of fields and relevance to electric stimulation L13. Neural networks memory and learning | |||||
Literatur | Plonsey and Barr, Bioelectricity: A Quantitative Approach (Third edition) | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Supervised exercises solving real-world problems. Some Matlab based exercises in groups. | |||||
227-1032-00L | Neuromorphic Engineering II | W | 6 KP | 5G | T. Delbrück, G. Indiveri, S.‑C. Liu | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This course teaches the basics of analog chip design and layout with an emphasis on neuromorphic circuits, which are introduced in the fall semester course "Neuromorphic Engineering I". | |||||
Lernziel | Design of a neuromorphic circuit for implementation with CMOS technology. | |||||
Inhalt | This course teaches the basics of analog chip design and layout with an emphasis on neuromorphic circuits, which are introduced in the autumn semester course "Neuromorphic Engineering I". The principles of CMOS processing technology are presented. Using a set of inexpensive software tools for simulation, layout and verification, suitable for neuromorphic circuits, participants learn to simulate circuits on the transistor level and to make their layouts on the mask level. Important issues in the layout of neuromorphic circuits will be explained and illustrated with examples. In the latter part of the semester students simulate and layout a neuromorphic chip. Schematics of basic building blocks will be provided. The layout will then be fabricated and will be tested by students during the following fall semester. | |||||
Literatur | S.-C. Liu et al.: Analog VLSI Circuits and Principles; software documentation. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Prerequisites: Neuromorphic Engineering I strongly recommended | |||||
227-1038-00L | Neurophysics | W | 6 KP | 2V + 1U | J.‑P. Pfister, R. Hahnloser | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The focus of this course is on statistical approaches in neuroscience. The emphasis of this course is on both the mathematical methods as well as their applications to the modelling and analysis of electrophysiological recordings. This course is taught by Prof. Jean-Pascal Pfister (2 lectures will be given by Prof. Richard Hahnloser) | |||||
Lernziel | This class is an introduction to computational neuroscience research for students with a strong background in quantitative sciences such as physics, mathematics, and engineering sciences. Students who take this course learn about mathematical methods that are widely applied in neuroscience. In particular, they will learn about graphical models, dynamical systems, stochastic dynamical systems as well as probabilistic filtering. Those methods will be applied in the context of single neuronal dynamics, synaptic plasticity, neural network dynamics. Part of the exercices will be performed in Matlab (Mathworks Inc.). | |||||
Inhalt | 1. Introduction to dynamical systems a. single neuron models (Fitzug-Nagumo model) b. synaptic plasticity (Hebbian learning, Oja's rule, BCM learning rule) 2. Graphical models a. Bayesian inference, cue combination tasks b. parameter learning (Expectation-Maximisation algorithm) 3. Stochastic dynamical systems (Fokker-Planck equation) 4. Probabilistic filtering a. Kushner equation b. Kalman-Bucy filter c. particle filter 5. Point emission processes (spiking neurons) a. Spiking network dynamics (Generalised Linear Model - GLM) b. Learning with the Generalised Linear Model, link to Spike-Timing dependent plasticity c. Reward-based learning | |||||
Skript | Original research articles will be distributed. Specific pointers to textbooks will be provided. | |||||
Literatur | Gerstner et al. (2014). Neuronal Dynamics - From single neurons to networks and models of Cognition Barber (2012). Bayesian Reasoning and Machine Learning Rieke et al. (1999) Spikes: Exploring the neural code Bain, A., & Crisan, D. (2009). Fundamentals of stochastic filtering (Vol. 3). | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Knowledge of standard methods in analysis, algebra and probability theory are highly desirable but not necessary. Students should have programming experience. | |||||
Wahlfächer der Vertiefung Diese Fächer sind für die Vertiefung in Bioelectronics besonders empfohlen. Bei abweichender Fächerwahl konsultieren Sie bitte den Track Adviser. | ||||||
Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
151-0172-00L | Devices and Systems | W | 5 KP | 4G | C. Hierold, A. Hierlemann | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The students are introduced to the fundamentals and physics of microelectronic devices as well as to microsystems in general (MEMS). They will be able to apply this knowledge for system research and development and to assess and apply principles, concepts and methods from a broad range of technical and scientific disciplines for innovative products. | |||||
Lernziel | The students are introduced to the fundamentals and physics of microelectronic devices as well as to microsystems in general (MEMS), basic electronic circuits for sensors, RF-MEMS, chemical microsystems, BioMEMS and microfluidics, magnetic sensors and optical devices, and in particular to the concepts of Nanosystems (focus on carbon nanotubes), based on the respective state-of-research in the field. They will be able to apply this knowledge for system research and development and to assess and apply principles, concepts and methods from a broad range of technical and scientific disciplines for innovative products. | |||||
Inhalt | Introduction to semiconductors, MOSFET transistors Basic electronic circuits for sensors and microsystems Transducer Fundamentals Chemical sensors and biosensors, microfluidics and bioMEMS RF MEMS Magnetic Sensors, optical Devices Nanosystem concepts | |||||
Skript | handouts | |||||
151-0622-00L | Measuring on the Nanometer Scale | W | 2 KP | 2G | A. Stemmer | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Introduction to theory and practical application of measuring techniques suitable for the nano domain. | |||||
Lernziel | Introduction to theory and practical application of measuring techniques suitable for the nano domain. | |||||
Inhalt | Conventional techniques to analyze nano structures using photons and electrons: light microscopy with dark field and differential interference contrast; scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Interferometric and other techniques to measure distances. Optical traps. Foundations of scanning probe microscopy: tunneling, atomic force, optical near-field. Interactions between specimen and probe. Current trends, including spectroscopy of material parameters. | |||||
Skript | Class notes and special papers will be distributed. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | This course is taught together with T. Wagner and H. Beyer. | |||||
151-0630-00L | Nanorobotics | W | 4 KP | 2V + 1U | S. Pané Vidal, B. Nelson | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Nanorobotics is an interdisciplinary field that includes topics from nanotechnology and robotics. The aim of this course is to expose students to the fundamental and essential aspects of this emerging field. | |||||
Lernziel | The aim of this course is to expose students to the fundamental and essential aspects of this emerging field. These topics include basic principles of nanorobotics, building parts for nanorobotic systems, powering and locomotion of nanorobots, manipulation, assembly and sensing using nanorobots, molecular motors, and nanorobotics for nanomedicine. Throughout the course, discussions and lab tours will be organized on selected topics. | |||||
151-0980-00L | Biofluiddynamics | W | 4 KP | 2V + 1U | D. Obrist, P. Jenny | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Introduction to the fluid dynamics of the human body and the modeling of physiological flow processes (biomedical fluid dynamics). | |||||
Lernziel | A basic understanding of fluid dynamical processes in the human body. Knowledge of the basic concepts of fluid dynamics and the ability to apply these concepts appropriately. | |||||
Inhalt | This lecture is an introduction to the fluid dynamics of the human body (biomedical fluid dynamics). For selected topics of human physiology, we introduce fundamental concepts of fluid dynamics (e.g., creeping flow, incompressible flow, flow in porous media, flow with particles, fluid-structure interaction) and use them to model physiological flow processes. The list of studied topics includes the cardiovascular system and related diseases, blood rheology, microcirculation, respiratory fluid dynamics and fluid dynamics of the inner ear. | |||||
Skript | Lecture notes are provided electronically. | |||||
Literatur | A list of books on selected topics of biofluiddynamics can be found on the course web page. | |||||
227-0390-00L | Elements of Microscopy | W | 4 KP | 3G | M. Stampanoni, G. Csúcs, R. A. Wepf | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The lecture reviews the basics of microscopy by discussing wave propagation, diffraction phenomena and aberrations. It gives the basics of light microscopy, introducing fluorescence, wide-field, confocal and multiphoton imaging. It further covers 3D electron microscopy and 3D X-ray tomographic micro and nanoimaging. | |||||
Lernziel | Solid introduction to the basics of microscopy, either with visible light, electrons or X-rays. | |||||
Inhalt | It would be impossible to imagine any scientific activities without the help of microscopy. Nowadays, scientists can count on very powerful instruments that allow investigating sample down to the atomic level. The lecture includes a general introduction to the principles of microscopy, from wave physics to image formation. It provides the physical and engineering basics to understand visible light, electron and X-ray microscopy. During selected exercises in the lab, several sophisticated instrument will be explained and their capabilities demonstrated. | |||||
Literatur | Available Online. | |||||
227-0690-07L | Advanced Topics in Control (Spring 2016) New topics are introduced every year. | W | 4 KP | 2V + 2U | F. Dörfler | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This class will introduce students to advanced, research level topics in the area of automatic control. Coverage varies from semester to semester, repetition for credit is possible, upon consent of the instructor. During the Spring Semester 2016 the class will concentrate on distributed systems and control. | |||||
Lernziel | The intent is to introduce students to advanced research level topics in the area of automatic control. The course is jointly organized by Prof. R. D'Andrea, L. Guzzella, J. Lygeros, M. Morari, R. Smith, and F. Dörfler. Coverage and instructor varies from semester to semester. Repetition for credit is possible, upon consent of the instructor. During the Spring Semester 2016 the class will be taught by F. Dörfler and will focus on distributed systems and control. | |||||
Inhalt | Distributed control systems include large-scale physical systems, engineered multi-agent systems, as well as their interconnection in cyber-physical systems. Representative examples are the electric power grid, camera networks, and robotic sensor networks. The challenges associated with these systems arise due to their coupled, distributed, and large-scale nature, and due to limited sensing, communication, and control capabilities. This course covers modeling, analysis, and design of distributed control systems. Topics covered in the course include: - the theory of graphs (with an emphasis on algebraic and spectral graph theory); - basic models of multi-agent and interconnected dynamical systems; - continuous-time and discrete-time distributed averaging algorithms (consensus); - coordination algorithms for rendezvous, formation, flocking, and deployment; - applications in robotic coordination, coupled oscillators, social networks, sensor networks, electric power grids, epidemics, and positive systems. | |||||
Skript | A set of self-contained set of lecture notes will be made available. | |||||
Literatur | Relevant papers and books will be made available through the course website. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Control systems (227-0216-00L), Linear system theory (227-0225-00L), or equivalents, as well as sufficient mathematical maturity. | |||||
227-0966-00L | Quantitative Big Imaging: From Images to Statistics | W | 4 KP | 2V + 1U | K. S. Mader, M. Stampanoni | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The lecture focuses on the challenging task of extracting robust, quantitative metrics from imaging data and is intended to bridge the gap between pure signal processing and the experimental science of imaging. The course will focus on techniques, scalability, and science-driven analysis. | |||||
Lernziel | 1. Introduction of applied image processing for research science covering basic image processing, quantitative methods, and statistics. 2. Understanding of imaging as a means to accomplish a scientific goal. 3. Ability to apply quantitative methods to complex 3D data to determine the validity of a hypothesis | |||||
Inhalt | Imaging is a well established field and is rapidly growing as technological improvements push the limits of resolution in space, time, material and functional sensitivity. These improvements have meant bigger, more diverse datasets being acquired at an ever increasing rate. With methods varying from focused ion beams to X-rays to magnetic resonance, the sources for these images are exceptionally heterogeneous; however, the tools and techniques for processing these images and transforming them into quantitative, biologically or materially meaningful information are similar. The course consists of equal parts theory and practical analysis of first synthetic and then real imaging datasets. Basic aspects of image processing are covered such as filtering, thresholding, and morphology. From these concepts a series of tools will be developed for analyzing arbitrary images in a very generic manner. Specifically a series of methods will be covered, e.g. characterizing shape, thickness, tortuosity, alignment, and spatial distribution of material features like pores. From these metrics the statistics aspect of the course will be developed where reproducibility, robustness, and sensitivity will be investigated in order to accurately determine the precision and accuracy of these quantitative measurements. A major emphasis of the course will be scalability and the tools of the 'Big Data' trend will be discussed and how cluster, cloud, and new high-performance large dataset techniques can be applied to analyze imaging datasets. In addition, given the importance of multi-scale systems, a data-management and analysis approach based on modern databases will be presented for storing complex hierarchical information in a flexible manner. Finally as a concluding project the students will apply the learned methods on real experimental data from the latest 3D experiments taken from either their own work / research or partnered with an experimental imaging group. The course provides the necessary background to perform the quantitative evaluation of complicated 3D imaging data in a minimally subjective or arbitrary manner to answer questions coming from the fields of physics, biology, medicine, material science, and paleontology. | |||||
Skript | Available online. | |||||
Literatur | Will be indicated during the lecture. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Ideally students will have some familiarity with basic manipulation and programming in languages like Matlab and R. Interested students who are worried about their skill level in this regard are encouraged to contact Kevin Mader directly (Link). More advanced students who are familiar with Java, C++, and Python will have to opportunity to develop more of their own tools. | |||||
227-1046-00L | Computer Simulations of Sensory Systems | W | 3 KP | 2V + 1U | T. Haslwanter | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This course deals with computer simulations of the human auditory, visual, and balance system. The lecture will cover the physiological and mechanical mechanisms of these sensory systems. And in the exercises, the simulations will be implemented with Python (or Matlab). The simulations will be such that their output could be used as input for actual neuro-sensory prostheses. | |||||
Lernziel | Our sensory systems provide us with information about what is happening in the world surrounding us. Thereby they transform incoming mechanical, electromagnetic, and chemical signals into “action potentials”, the language of the central nervous system. The main goal of this lecture is to describe how our sensors achieve these transformations, how they can be reproduced with computational tools. For example, our auditory system performs approximately a “Fourier transformation” of the incoming sound waves; our early visual system is optimized for finding edges in images that are projected onto our retina; and our balance system can be well described with a “control system” that transforms linear and rotational movements into nerve impulses. In the exercises that go with this lecture, we will use Python to reproduce the transformations achieved by our sensory systems. The goal is to write programs whose output could be used as input for actual neurosensory prostheses: such prostheses have become commonplace for the auditory system, and are under development for the visual and the balance system. For the corresponding exercises, at least some basic programing experience is required. | |||||
Inhalt | The following topics will be covered: • Introduction into the signal processing in nerve cells. • Introduction into Python. • Simplified simulation of nerve cells (Hodgkins-Huxley model). • Description of the auditory system, including the application of Fourier transforms on recorded sounds. • Description of the visual system, including the retina and the information processing in the visual cortex. The corresponding exercises will provide an introduction to digital image processing. • Description of the mechanics of our balance system, and the “Control System”-language that can be used for an efficient description of the corresponding signal processing (essentially Laplace transforms and control systems). | |||||
Skript | For each module additional material will be provided on the e-learning platform "moodle". The main content of the lecture is also available as a wikibook, under Link | |||||
Literatur | Open source information is available as wikibook Link For good overviews I recommend: • L. R. Squire, D. Berg, F. E. Bloom, Lac S. du, A. Ghosh, and N. C. Spitzer. Fundamental Neuroscience, Academic Press - Elsevier, 2012 [ISBN: 9780123858702]. This book covers the biological components, from the functioning of an individual ion channels through the various senses, all the way to consciousness. And while it does not cover the computational aspects, it nevertheless provides an excellent overview of the underlying neural processes of sensory systems. • Principles of Neural Science (5th Ed, 2012), by Eric Kandel, James Schwartz, Thomas Jessell, Steven Siegelbaum, A.J. Hudspeth ISBN 0071390111 / 9780071390118 The standard textbook on neuroscience. • P Wallisch, M Lusignan, M. Benayoun, T. I. Baker, A. S. Dickey, and N. G. Hatsopoulos. MATLAB for Neuroscientists, Academic Press, 2009. Compactly written, it provides a short introduction to MATLAB, as well as a very good overview of MATLAB’s functionality, focusing on applications in different areas of neuroscience. • G. Mather. Foundations of Sensation and Perception, 2nd Ed Psychology Press, 2009 [ISBN: 978-1-84169-698-0 (hardcover), oder 978-1-84169-699-7 (paperback)] A coherent, up-to-date introduction to the basic facts and theories concerning human sensory perception. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Since I have to gravel from Linz, Austria, to Zurich to give this lecture, I plan to hold this lecture in blocks (every 2nd week). | |||||
376-1217-00L | Rehabilitation Engineering I: Motor Functions | W | 4 KP | 2V + 1U | R. Riener | |
Kurzbeschreibung | “Rehabilitation engineering” is the application of science and technology to ameliorate the handicaps of individuals with disabilities in order to reintegrate them into society. The goal of this lecture is to present classical and new rehabilitation engineering principles and examples applied to compensate or enhance especially motor deficits. | |||||
Lernziel | Provide theoretical and practical knowledge of principles and applications used to rehabilitate individuals with motor disabilities. | |||||
Inhalt | “Rehabilitation” is the (re)integration of an individual with a disability into society. Rehabilitation engineering is “the application of science and technology to ameliorate the handicaps of individuals with disability”. Such handicaps can be classified into motor, sensor, and cognitive (also communicational) disabilities. In general, one can distinguish orthotic and prosthetic methods to overcome these disabilities. Orthoses support existing but affected body functions (e.g., glasses, crutches), while prostheses compensate for lost body functions (e.g., cochlea implant, artificial limbs). In case of sensory disorders, the lost function can also be substituted by other modalities (e.g. tactile Braille display for vision impaired persons). The goal of this lecture is to present classical and new technical principles as well as specific examples applied to compensate or enhance mainly motor deficits. Modern methods rely more and more on the application of multi-modal and interactive techniques. Multi-modal means that visual, acoustical, tactile, and kinaesthetic sensor channels are exploited by displaying the patient with a maximum amount of information in order to compensate his/her impairment. Interaction means that the exchange of information and energy occurs bi-directionally between the rehabilitation device and the human being. Thus, the device cooperates with the patient rather than imposing an inflexible strategy (e.g., movement) upon the patient. Multi-modality and interactivity have the potential to increase the therapeutical outcome compared to classical rehabilitation strategies. In the 1 h exercise the students will learn how to solve representative problems with computational methods applied to exoprosthetics, wheelchair dynamics, rehabilitation robotics and neuroprosthetics. | |||||
Skript | Lecture notes will be distributed at the beginning of the lecture (1st session) | |||||
Literatur | Introductory Books Neural prostheses - replacing motor function after desease or disability. Eds.: R. Stein, H. Peckham, D. Popovic. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Advances in Rehabilitation Robotics – Human-Friendly Technologies on Movement Assistance and Restoration for People with Disabilities. Eds: Z.Z. Bien, D. Stefanov (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Science, No. 306). Springer Verlag Berlin 2004. Intelligent Systems and Technologies in Rehabilitation Engineering. Eds: H.N.L. Teodorescu, L.C. Jain (International Series on Computational Intelligence). CRC Press Boca Raton, 2001. Control of Movement for the Physically Disabled. Eds.: D. Popovic, T. Sinkjaer. Springer Verlag London, 2000. Interaktive und autonome Systeme der Medizintechnik - Funktionswiederherstellung und Organersatz. Herausgeber: J. Werner, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 2005. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement. Eds.: J.M. Winters, P.E. Crago. Springer New York, 2000. Selected Journal Articles Abbas, J., Riener, R. (2001) Using mathematical models and advanced control systems techniques to enhance neuroprosthesis function. Neuromodulation 4, pp. 187-195. Burdea, G., Popescu, V., Hentz, V., and Colbert, K. (2000): Virtual reality-based orthopedic telerehabilitation, IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., 8, pp. 430-432 Colombo, G., Jörg, M., Schreier, R., Dietz, V. (2000) Treadmill training of paraplegic patients using a robotic orthosis. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, vol. 37, pp. 693-700. Colombo, G., Jörg, M., Jezernik, S. (2002) Automatisiertes Lokomotionstraining auf dem Laufband. Automatisierungstechnik at, vol. 50, pp. 287-295. Cooper, R. (1993) Stability of a wheelchair controlled by a human. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering 1, pp. 193-206. Krebs, H.I., Hogan, N., Aisen, M.L., Volpe, B.T. (1998): Robot-aided neurorehabilitation, IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., 6, pp. 75-87 Leifer, L. (1981): Rehabilitive robotics, Robot Age, pp. 4-11 Platz, T. (2003): Evidenzbasierte Armrehabilitation: Eine systematische Literaturübersicht, Nervenarzt, 74, pp. 841-849 Quintern, J. (1998) Application of functional electrical stimulation in paraplegic patients. NeuroRehabilitation 10, pp. 205-250. Riener, R., Nef, T., Colombo, G. (2005) Robot-aided neurorehabilitation for the upper extremities. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 43(1), pp. 2-10. Riener, R., Fuhr, T., Schneider, J. (2002) On the complexity of biomechanical models used for neuroprosthesis development. International Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 2, pp. 389-404. Riener, R. (1999) Model-based development of neuroprostheses for paraplegic patients. Royal Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 354, pp. 877-894. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Target Group: Students of higher semesters and PhD students of - D-MAVT, D-ITET, D-INFK - Biomedical Engineering - Medical Faculty, University of Zurich Students of other departments, faculties, courses are also welcome | |||||
376-1308-00L | Development Strategies for Medical Implants Maximale Teilnehmerzahl: 25 bis 30. Die Einschreibungen werden nach chronologischem Eingang berücksichtigt. | W | 3 KP | 2V + 1U | J. Mayer-Spetzler, S. Hofmann Boss | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Introduction to development strategies for implantable devices considering the interdependecies of biocompatibility, clinical and economical requirements ; discussion of the state of the art and actual trends in in orthopedics, sports medicine, traumatology and cardio-vascular surgery as well as regenerative medicine (tissue engineering). | |||||
Lernziel | Basic considerations in implant development Concept of structural and surface biocompatiblity and its relevance for the design of implant and surgical technique Understanding of conflicting factors, e.g. clinical need, economics and regulatory requirements Concepts of tissue engineering, its strengths and weaknesses as current and future clinical solution | |||||
Inhalt | Biocompatibility as bionic guide line for the development of medical implants; implant and implantation related tissue reactions, biocompatible materials and material processing technologies; implant testing and regulatory procedures; discussion of the state of the art and actual trends in implant development in orthopedics, sports medicine, traumatology, spinal and cardio-vascular surgery; introduction to tissue engineering. Selected topics will be further illustrated by commented movies from surgeries. Seminar: Group seminars on selected controversial topics in implant development. Participation is mandatory Planned excursions (limited availability, not mandatory, to be confirmed): 1. Participation (as visitor) on a life surgery (travel at own expense) | |||||
Skript | Scribt (electronically available): - presented slides - selected scientific papers for further reading | |||||
Literatur | Textbooks on selected topics will be introduced during the lectures | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Students need to have a Bachelor degree or an equivalent The number of participants in the course is limited to 25-30 students in total. Students will be exposed to surgical movies which may cause emotional reactions. The viewing of the surgical movies is voluntary and is on the student's own responsability. | |||||
376-1397-00L | Orthopaedic Biomechanics | W | 4 KP | 3G | R. Müller, K. S. Stok, G. H. Van Lenthe | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This course is aimed at studying the mechanical and structural engineering of the musculoskeletal system alongside the analysis and design of orthopaedic solutions to musculoskeletal failure. | |||||
Lernziel | To apply engineering and design principles to orthopaedic biomechanics, to quantitatively assess the musculoskeletal system and model it, and to review rigid-body dynamics in an interesting context. | |||||
Inhalt | Engineering principles are very important in the development and application of quantitative approaches in biology and medicine. This course includes a general introduction to structure and function of the musculoskeletal system: anatomy and physiology of musculoskeletal tissues and joints; biomechanical methods to assess and quantify tissues and large joint systems. These methods will also be applied to musculoskeletal failure, joint replacement and reconstruction; implants; biomaterials and tissue engineering. | |||||
Skript | Stored on ILIAS. | |||||
Literatur | Orthopaedic Biomechanics: Mechanics and Design in Musculoskeletal Systems Authors: Donald L. Bartel, Dwight T. Davy, Tony M. Keaveny Publisher: Prentice Hall; Copyright: 2007 ISBN-10: 0130089095; ISBN-13: 9780130089090 | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Lectures will be given in English. | |||||
376-1614-00L | Principles in Tissue Engineering | W | 3 KP | 2V | K. Maniura, J. Möller | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Fundamentals in blood coagulation; thrombosis, blood rheology, immune system, inflammation, foreign body reaction on the molecular level and the entire body are discussed. Applications of biomaterials for tissue engineering in different tissues are introduced. Fundamentals in medical implantology, in situ drug release, cell transplantation and stem cell biology are discussed. | |||||
Lernziel | Understanding of molecular aspects for the application of biodegradable and biocompatible Materials. Fundamentals of tissue reactions (eg. immune responses) against implants and possible clinical consequences will be discussed. | |||||
Inhalt | This class continues with applications of biomaterials and devices introduced in Biocompatible Materials I. Fundamentals in blood coagulation; thrombosis, blood rheology; immune system, inflammation, foreign body reaction on the level of the entire body and on the molecular level are introduced. Applications of biomaterials for tissue engineering in the vascular system, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, tendons and ligaments, bone, teeth, nerve and brain, and drug delivery systems are introduced. Fundamentals in medical implantology, in situ drug release, cell transplantation and stem cell biology are discussed. | |||||
Skript | Handouts provided during the classes and references therin. | |||||
Literatur | The molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al., 5th Edition, 2009. Principles in Tissue Engineering, Langer et al., 2nd Edition, 2002 | |||||
376-1712-00L | Finite Element Analysis in Biomedical Engineering | W | 3 KP | 2V | S. J. Ferguson, B. Helgason | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This course provides an introduction to finite element analysis, with a specific focus on problems and applications from biomedical engineering. | |||||
Lernziel | Finite element analysis is a powerful simulation method for the (approximate) solution of boundary value problems. While its traditional roots are in the realm of structural engineering, the methods have found wide use in the biomedical engineering domain for the simulation of the mechanical response of the human body and medical devices. This course provides an introduction to finite element analysis, with a specific focus on problems and applications from biomedical engineering. This domain offers many unique challenges, including multi-scale problems, multi-physics simulation, complex and non-linear material behaviour, rate-dependent response, dynamic processes and fluid-solid interactions. Theories taught are reinforced through practical applications in self-programmed and commercial simulation software, using e.g. MATLAB, ANSYS, FEBIO. | |||||
Inhalt | (Theory) The Finite Element and Finite Difference methods Gallerkin, weighted residuals, discretization (Theory) Mechanical analysis of structures Trusses, beams, solids and shells, DOFs, hand calculations of simple FE problems, underlying PDEs (Application) Mechanical analysis of structures Truss systems, beam systems, 2D solids, meshing, organ level analysis of bones (Theory and Application) Mechanical analysis of structures Micro- and multi-scale analysis, voxel models, solver limitations, large scale solvers (Theory) Non-linear mechanical analysis of structures Large strain, Newton-Rhapson, plasticity (Application) Non-linear mechanical analysis of structures Plasticity (bone), hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity (Theory and Application) Contact analysis Friction, bonding, rough contact, implants, bone-cement composites, pushout tests (Theory) Flow in Porous Media Potential problems, Terzhagi's consolidation (Application) Flow in Porous Media Confined and unconfined compression of cartilage (Theory) Heat Transfer and Mass Transport Diffusion, conduction and convection, equivalency of equations (Application) Heat Transfer and Mass Transport Sequentially-coupled poroelastic and transport models for solute transport (Theory) Computational Biofluid Dynamics Navier-Stokes equations, Newtonian vs. Non-Newtonian fluid, laminar vs. turbulent flow (Application) Computational Biofluid Dynamics Flow between micro-rough parallel plates | |||||
Skript | Handouts consisting of (i) lecturers' script, (ii) selected excerpts from relevant textbooks, (iii) selected excerpts from theory manuals of commercial simulation software, (iv) relevant scientific publications. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Familiarity with basic numerical methods. Programming experience with MATLAB. | |||||
376-1724-00L | Appropriate Health System Design Maximale Teilnehmerzahl: 48 | W | 3 KP | 2V | W. Karlen | |
Kurzbeschreibung | This course elaborates upon relevant aspects in the conception, implementation and distribution of health devices and systems that effectively meet peoples and societies' needs in a local context. Four key elements of appropriate (usage, cost, durability and performance) that are integral to the engineering design process are extensively discussed. | |||||
Lernziel | To acquire knowledge regarding appropriate design principles and to understand how to apply them to health care technology To acquire skills to critically assess existing health technology and formulate specifications and criteria for new designs To discuss complexities of introducing appropriate health technologies To foster conceptual thinking: to encourage solving not only the technical problems but also societal challenges. | |||||
Inhalt | The course is divided in two parts: The first part elaborates upon the important concepts of the design of health care devices and systems, and discusses implementation and dissemination strategies. We focus on communities such as low income households, the elderly, and patients with chronic illnesses that have special needs. Topics covered include point-of-care diagnostics, information and communication technologies, mobile health, user interactions, and also the social-cultural considerations. The second part consists of seminar style discussions lead by student groups. Each group will analyse an existing product or solution, critically assess its appropriateness according to the criteria learned in class, and provide explanations as to why the system succeeds or fails. The students will also present design improvements. Grading will be based on the seminar presented and a written case report. | |||||
Literatur | R. Malkin and K. Von Oldenburg Beer, "Diffusion of novel healthcare technologies to resource poor settings," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1841-1850, 2013. L. Thairu, M. Wirth, and K. Lunze, "Innovative newborn health technology for resource-limited environments," Tropical Medicine and International Health, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 117-128, 2013. "The IC2030 report. Reimagining Global Health," 2015. Link | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Target Group: Students of higher semesters and PhD students of - D-MAVT, D-ITET, D-INFK, D-HEST - Biomedical Engineering, Robotics, Systems and Control - Medical Faculty, University of Zurich Students of other departments, faculties, courses are also welcome | |||||
376-1984-00L | Lasers in Medicine | W | 3 KP | 3G | M. Frenz, M. Mrochen | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Fragen wie "Was ist ein Laser, wie funktioniert er und was macht ihn so interessant für die Medizin?", aber auch "Wie breitet sich Licht im Gewebe aus und welche Wechselwirkungen treten dabei auf?" sollen beantwortet werden. Speziell wird auf therapeutische, diagnostische und bildgebende Anwendungen anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen eingegangen. | |||||
Lernziel | Einführung in die für medizinische Anwendungen relevanten Lasertechniken. Vermittlung der physikalischen Grundlagen der Laser-Gewebe-Wechselwirkung mit dem Ziel, den Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Bestrahlungsparameter auf den Gewebeeffekt zu verstehen. Grundlagen der diagnostischen Laseranwendungen und der Lasersicherheit. | |||||
Inhalt | Die Anwendung des Lasers in der Medizin gewinnt zunehmend dort an Bedeutung, wo seine speziellen Eigenschaften gezielt zur berührungslosen, selektiven und spezifischen Wirkung auf Weich- und Hartgewebe für minimal invasive Therapieformen oder zur Eröffnung neuer therapeutischer und diagnostischer Methoden eingesetzt werden können. Grundlegende Arbeiten zum Verständnis der Lichtausbreitung im Gewebe (Absorptions-, Reflexions- und Transmissionsvermögen) und die unterschiedlichen Formen der Wechselwirkung (photochemische, thermische, ablative und optomechanische Wirkung) werden eingehend behandelt. Speziell wird auf den Einfluss der Wellenlänge und der Bestrahlungszeit auf den Wechselwirkungsmechanismus eingegangen. Die unterschiedlichen medizinisch genutzten Lasertypen und Strahlführungssysteme werden hinsichtlich ihres Einsatzes im Bereich der Medizin anhand ausgesuchter Anwendungsbeispiele diskutiert. Neben den therapeutischen Wirkungen wird auf den Einsatz des Lasers in der medizinischen Diagnostik (z.B. Tumor-Fluoreszenzdiagnostik, Bildgebung) eingegangen. Die beim Einsatz des Lasers in der Medizin erforderlichen Schutzmassnahmen werden diskutiert. | |||||
Skript | wird im Internet bereitgestellt | |||||
Literatur | - M. Born, E. Wolf, "Principles of Optics", Pergamon Press - B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, "Fundamentals of Photonics", John Wiley and Sons, Inc. - A.E. Siegman, "Lasers", University Science Books - O. Svelto, "Principles of Lasers", Plenum Press - J. Eichler, T. Seiler, "Lasertechnik in der Medizin", Springer Verlag - M.H. Niemz, "Laser-Tissue Interaction", Springer Verlag - A.J. Welch, M.J.C. van Gemert, "Optical-thermal response of laser-irradiated tissue", Plenum Press | |||||
402-0343-00L | Physics Against Cancer: The Physics of Imaging and Treating Cancer | W | 6 KP | 2V + 1U | A. J. Lomax, U. Schneider | |
Kurzbeschreibung | Radiotherapy is a rapidly developing and technology driven medical discipline that is heavily dependent on physics and engineering. In this lecture series, we will review and describe some of the current developments in radiotherapy, particularly from the physics and technological view point, and will indicate in which direction future research in radiotherapy will lie. | |||||
Lernziel | Radiotherapy is a rapidly developing and technology driven medical discipline that is heavily dependent on physics and engineering. In the last few years, a multitude of new techniques, equipment and technology have been introduced, all with the primary aim of more accurately targeting and treating cancerous tissues, leading to a precise, predictable and effective therapy technique. In this lecture series, we will review and describe some of the current developments in radiotherapy, particularly from the physics and technological view point, and will indicate in which direction future research in radiotherapy will lie. Our ultimate aim is to provide the student with a taste for the critical role that physics plays in this rapidly evolving discipline and to show that there is much interesting physics still to be done. | |||||
Inhalt | The lecture series will begin with a short introduction to radiotherapy and an overview of the lecture series (lecture 1). Lecture 2 will cover the medical imaging as applied to radiotherapy, without which it would be impossible to identify or accurately calculate the deposition of radiation in the patient. This will be followed by a detailed description of the treatment planning process, whereby the distribution of deposited energy within the tumour and patient can be accurately calculated, and the optimal treatment defined (lecture 3). Lecture 4 will follow on with this theme, but concentrating on the more theoretical and mathematical techniques that can be used to evaluate different treatments, using mathematically based biological models for predicting the outcome of treatments. The role of physics modeling, in order to accurately calculate the dose deposited from radiation in the patient, will be examined in lecture 5, together with a review of mathematical tools that can be used to optimize patient treatments. Lecture 6 will investigate a rather different issue, that is the standardization of data sets for radiotherapy and the importance of medical data bases in modern therapy. In lecture 7 we will look in some detail at one of the most advanced radiotherapy delivery techniques, namely Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). In lecture 8, the two topics of imaging and therapy will be somewhat combined, when we will describe the role of imaging in the daily set-up and assessment of patients. Lecture 9 follows up on this theme, in which a major problem of radiotherapy, namely organ motion and changes in patient and tumour geometry during therapy, will be addressed, together with methods for dealing with such problems. Finally, in lectures 10-11, we will describe in some of the multitude of different delivery techniques that are now available, including particle based therapy, rotational (tomo) therapy approaches and robot assisted radiotherapy. In the final lecture, we will provide an overview of the likely avenues of research in the next 5-10 years in radiotherapy. The course will be rounded-off with an opportunity to visit a modern radiotherapy unit, in order to see some of the techniques and delivery methods described in the course in action. | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Although this course is seen as being complimentary to the Medical Physics I and II course of Dr Manser, no previous knowledge of radiotherapy is necessarily expected or required for interested students who have not attended the other two courses. | |||||
402-0673-00L | Physics in Medical Research: From Humans to Cells | W | 6 KP | 2V + 1U | B. K. R. Müller | |
Kurzbeschreibung | The aim of this lecture series is to introduce the role of physics in state-of-the-art medical research and clinical practice. Topics to be covered range from applications of physics in medical implant technology and tissue engineering, through imaging technology, to its role in interventional and non-interventional therapies. | |||||
Lernziel | The lecture series is focused on applying physics in diagnosis, planning, and therapy close to clinical practice and fundamental medical research. Beside a general overview the lectures give a deep insight into selected techniques, which will help the students to apply the knowledge to related techniques. In particular, the lectures will elucidate the physics behind the X-ray imaging currently used in clinical environment and contemporary high-resolution developments. It is the goal to visualize and quantify microstructures of human tissues and implants as well as their interface. Ultrasound is not only used for diagnostic purposes but includes therapeutic approaches such as the control of the blood-brain barrier under MR-guidance. Physicists in medicine are working on modeling and simulation. Based on the vascular structure in cancerous and healthy tissues, the characteristic approaches in computational physics to develop strategies against cancer are presented. In order to deliberately destroy cancerous tissue, heat can be supplied or extracted in different manner: cryotherapy (heat conductivity in anisotropic, viscoelastic environment), radiofrequency treatment (single and multi-probe), laser application, and proton therapy. Medical implants play an important role to take over well-defined tasks within the human body. Although biocompatibility is here of crucial importance, the term is insufficiently understood. The aim of the lectures is the understanding of biocompatibility performing well-defined experiments in vitro and in vivo. Dealing with different classes of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) the influence of surface modifications (morphology and surface coatings) are key issues for implant developments. Mechanical stimuli can drastically influence soft and hard tissue behavior. The students should realize that a physiological window exists, where a positive tissue response is expected and how the related parameter including strain, frequency, and resting periods can be selected and optimized for selected tissues such as bone. For the treatment of severe incontinence artificial smart muscles have to be developed. The students should have a critical look at promising solutions and the selection procedure as well as realize the time-consuming and complex way to clinical practice. The course will be completed by a visit of advanced facilities within a leading Swiss hospital. | |||||
Inhalt | This lecture series will cover the following topics: February 21 Introduction: Medical imaging/proton therapy February 28 X-ray-based computed tomography in clinics and medical research March 7 High-resolution computed tomography in biomedical research March 14 Focused ultrasound and its clinical use March 21 Minimally invasive medical interventions March 28 Metallic medical implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering April 4 Natural and synthetic ceramics for implants and regenerative medicine April 11 Degradable and non-degradable polymers for medical implants April 18 Easter break April 25 Easter break May 2 Smart instruments and sensors May 9 Physics in dentistry May 16 Biomedical simulations May 23 Development of artificial muscles May 30 Physical research in hospital environment | |||||
Skript | Link login and password to be provided during the lecture | |||||
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Students from other departments are very welcome to join and gain insight into a variety of sophisticated techniques for the benefit of patients. No special knowledge is required. Nevertheless, gaps in basic physical knowledge will result in additional efforts. |
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